Investigate the root causes of major Engineering disasters that have Essay

Investigate the root causes of major applied science disasters that have occurred since 1800 - Essay ExampleIn engineering, most disasters that have occurred portray a possibility of peremptory one or more provisions of sentry go with some being ca employ by poor decision-making and ignorance. The Chernobyl motive plant disaster The Chernobyl Nuclear power plant disaster of April 26, 1986 although blamed on negligence on the part of operators had some engineering aspects that could have contributed in the disaster, in addition to the operation negligence. The Chernobyl plant used RBMK reactors that have been blamed for a number of negative features that may compromise the safety of the reactors and their operations. The RBMK reactors have neutron palm with high sensitivity levels towards movement of accountant rods, which results from having a high number of absorbers in the reactor kernel aimed at compensating for both extra reactivity (Malko, 1991). When some absorbers are withdrawn, especially affecting most of the absorbers in the peripheral zones, there results a local criticality. Moreover, RBMK reactors involve occurrence of huge positive reactivity that leads to a reduction of the period withdrawd to achieve stabilization of the power produced at the midpoint to about 3 minutes (Medvedev, 1990). These factors make operations of a RBMK reactor problematic and uncertain in maintaining the safety of the reactor. Frankel (2010) observe that the Chernobyl reactor was designed to use graphite moderators that were typically unsafe, in addition to use of graphite rods. As a result, any possible loss of urine in such a RBMK reactor present great danger. Contrary to the operations of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), any water that circulates in the pipe network is alone required to serve the purpose of cooling the reactor core only and not to moderate the core and cool it (Frankel, 2010). In PWR reactor cores, removal of the core cooling water woul d cause the intact chain reaction to abort. However in an RBMK-0100 reactor such as the one used in Chernobyl, in case water is lost due to closure of the supplying pumps as was the case, the graphite chair rods continue to propagate and facilitate nuclear chain reactions (Frankel, 2010). Such mechanism, when considered alongside the loss of cooling water in the nuclear reactor core, would lead to overheating of the core in the shortest time possible. In such a case, the event of a core meltdown becomes the only possible event. In addition, in the Chernobyl RBMK reactors, the control rods were not designed as drastic safety features. Control rods are necessary for absorbing neutrons towards minify or stopping chain reactions from taking place. However, in the Chernobyl RBMK reactors, control rods required about 20 seconds to clear up the bottom of the core from their highest position (Medvedev, 1991). This was contrary to modern reactors that have well designed control rods, whi chrequire one second or less, to reach the core of a nuclear reactor stopping any chain reaction. Therefore, in Chernobyl nuclear reactor, the design and engineering of the entire core overlooked key safety mechanisms that could have prevented possible meltdown. The result of overlooking these safety considerations was the 1986 disaster. This was