Psychological Factors of Addiction Essay - 1096 Words

The basis for addiction can be assigned to a combination of social, physiological and psychological aspects. Social factors highlight the fundamental tendency for humans to interact and form social groups which contributes to the commencement of addiction. The intricacy of the human brain has slowed the understanding of physiological and psychological factors, however experts agree the neurotransmitter dopamine is instrumental to explaining the cause of addiction and ascertaining successful pathways to assist addicted individuals. Analysing addiction within the domain of methamphetamine use provides an insight to the causes and potential treatment strategies for these individuals. There is no single treatment for methamphetamine addiction,†¦show more content†¦Ultimately, these factors contribute to the development of methamphetamine-abuse but also provide tangible strategies to counteract addiction. Boshears et al. (2011) suggest methamphetamine-users separate from existing social networks that encourage consumption and discover new networks that support cessation of drug-use. However, many methamphetamine addicts would be forced to disassociate from immediate family or be required to terminate employment which create limitations due to the impracticality of these changes. Evidently, social determinants contribute to methamphetamine addiction, however successful treatment can only occur in conjunction with the attenuation of significant physiological and psychological factors. The complexity of the human brain creates mystery when determining the influence of neurophysiological factors and their role in the process of addiction. There is a proposed relationship between drug addiction and the mesolimbic dopamine system, with the mesolimbic pathway from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens considered the ‘reward centre’ of the human brain (Alcohol Rehab, 2011). A release of dopamine is necessary for ‘reward’ which is hypothesised to initiate the addiction cycle by providing positive reinforcement for drug self-administration (Feltenstein See, 2009). Methamphetamine triggers the release of dopamine from synaptic vesicles which flood the synaptic cleft activating feelings of euphoria, well-beingShow MoreRelated Psychological and Sociological Factors in Smoking Addiction 2475 Words   |  10 PagesPsychological and Sociological Factors in Smoking Addiction Understanding the habit of smoking tobacco The essay will discuss how smoking tobacco became a habit among people; what are the factors that affect the thinking of individuals in experimenting tobacco smoking; and what makes them think of quitting smoking. It will address both psychological and sociological ideas and will attempt to apply each idea in order to understand people’s lifestyles. Introduction Tobacco is a green and leafyRead MoreDiscuss the Importance and Interplay of Social, Psychological and Biological Factors in the Course of Heroin Addiction. What Therapeutic Approaches Can Be Used to Treat This Form of Drug Dependence?1583 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the importance and interplay of social, psychological and biological factors in the course of heroin addiction. What therapeutic approaches can be used to treat this form of drug dependence? Heroin exerts its main effects through psychological mechanisms of action, the user feels a sense of great warmth and well-being and views the world with greatly reduced anxiety and emotional distress. These feelings last for a relatively short period of time of around 4-6 hours. With repeated useRead MoreAlcohol And Drug Addiction Among People Of Different Ages861 Words   |  4 Pagesdrug addiction are two important topics in today’s society. 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The term Addiction is perhaps most commonlyRead MoreConceptualizing Addiction Paper1038 Words   |  5 Pages Conceptualizing Addiction Paper Kristina Lamey May 25, 2015 BSHS/455 David Elkins Conceptualizing Addiction Paper The history of addiction goes back centuries, and unfortunately, there is still a long way to go for people to realize the effects of chemical substances do more harm than good. The difference between drug use and abuse relies heavily on a person’s dependence on the substance. The line between the differences is often very fine. Depending on other factors involved, such asRead MoreThe Biopsychosocial Model Doesn t Rely On One Factor971 Words   |  4 PagesThe biopsychosocial model doesn’t rely on one factor as some of the other theories do. It would appear to be a more suitable means of diagnosing why someone has become addicted, as it has a multifaceted approach which incorporates social, cultural, physical and psychological factors ( Donovan Marlatt, 2005). However one defines addiction, the addicted person has to first start using a substance, and this is where other key factors come in. â€Å"The more easily available that drugs and alcoholRead More Substance Abuse Within the Nursing Profession Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages As Heise states, substance abuse among nurses a growing problem that is often overlooked by society. Addiction has been a problem in the nursing profession for over one hundred years (as cited in Monroe Kenaga, 2010). According to the American nurses association, it is speculated that 6%-8% of nurses have a drug or alcohol related problem (as cited in Trinkoff Storr, 1998). Substance abuse not only affects the individual abuser, but also can negatively impact those around them, most significantly

Marketing and Love Wood Essay - 1275 Words

Centre Number Surname Other Names Candidate Signature Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Examiner’s Initials Question Mark General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2010 1 2 TOTAL Business Studies Unit 1 Planning and Financing a Business 9.00 am to 10.15 am Tuesday 12 January 2010 For this paper you must have: ï  ¬ a calculator. BUSS1 Time allowed ï  ¬ 1 hour 15 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. ï  ¬ Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. ï  ¬ Answer all questions. ï  ¬ You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked. ï  ¬ Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to†¦show more content†¦30 Padma’s father warned them to be cautious as the expected increase in popularity of individually designed wooden toys was encouraging competition to enter the market. They drew up a business plan and a cash ï ¬â€šow forecast for their ï ¬ rst year’s trading (Figure 3). The demand for individually designed wooden toys was expected to be very seasonal. Figure 3: Forecast cash ï ¬â€šow for 2010 – the ï ¬ rst year of trading of Love Wood Ltd January to March ( £) Cash inï ¬â€šows Wages * Materials and other costs Cash outï ¬â€šows Net cash ï ¬â€šow for quarter Opening balance Closing balance (1 700) 41 500 34 000 34 800 68 800 (27 300) (1 700) (11 300) April to June ( £) 49 800 34 000 25 400 59 400 July to September ( £) 74 700 40 000 39 000 79 000 (4 300) (11 300) (15 600) October to December ( £) 166 000 44 000 48 300 92 300 73 700 (15 600) 58 100 * Including payments to Padma and Emily Turn over ï â€¢ (03) G/K46670/Jan10/BUSS1 4 Answer all questions in the spaces provided. You are advised to spend no more than 20 minutes on Question 1. 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Continuities Changes Over Time Essay (Silk Road Interactions Between 200 B.C.E †1450 C.E.) free essay sample

During the period of time between 200 B.C.E. and 1450 C.E., the silk road underwent many subtle transformations while at the same time holding on to its original purpose. The trade of spices and goods to and from Asia and Europe remained constant, while the materials bartered slowly changed. The political boundaries as well as the national identities of the encompassing countries also were altered. Despite changes in materials, the original purpose of the silk road remained intact throughout this time period. Asian commodities were traded with European merchants along the road and vice versa. Asia’s economy, such as that of China specifically, remained heavily reliant on the money from silk road trade, irregardless of the origin or type of goods that fueled such. Comparably, Europe’s economic status remained fueled by Asian trades. While the basic purpose of the silk road remained mostly unchanged, the goods traded on it and the areas it went through did. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuities Changes Over Time Essay (Silk Road Interactions Between 200 B.C.E – 1450 C.E.) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While the silk road originally began on a small scale as a simple route of transport for Eurasian merchants, it later grew into an international necessity, not only economically, but culturally as well. Once exposed to Asian spices, fabrics, etc., Europeans became increasingly â€Å"addicted† to their newfound luxuries. This, in addition to Europe having the same effect on Asia, gradually shaped both cultures. Because of the numerous political changes that took place during this expanse of time, the route travelled by silk road merchants passed through new nations formed at the collapse of the Roman Empire. This, in turn, shaped the identities of additional nations/cultures along the path of the silk road. Overall, the silk road’s basic purpose remained intact from 200 B.C.E. to 1450 C.E., but the specific patterns of interactions that occurred along it did not. Empires fell, new nations were formed, and that brought myriad changes to silk road cultures and the interactions between those that traveled on it.

All About the Animals Belonging to Class Asteroidea

All About the Animals Belonging to Class Asteroidea While the classification name, Asteroidea, may not be familiar, the organisms it contains probably are. Asteroidea includes the sea stars, commonly called starfish. With about 1,800 known species, sea stars are a variety of sizes, colors and are a wide-ranging marine invertebrate. Description Organisms in the Class Asteroidea have several arms (usually between 5 and 40) arranged around a central disk. Asteroideas Water Vascular System The central disk contains the madreporite, an opening that lets water into the asteroids water vascular system. Having a water vascular system means that sea stars have no blood, but bring water in through their madreporite and move it through a series of canals, where it is then used to propel their tube feet. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: EchinodermataClass: Asteroidea The Asteroidea are known as the true stars, and are in a separate class from the brittle stars, which have a more defined separation between their arms and their central disk. Habitat and Distribution Asteroidea can be found in oceans around the world, inhabiting a wide range of water depths, from the intertidal zone to the deep sea. Feeding Asteroids feed on other, usually sessile organisms such as barnacles and mussels. The crown-of-thorns starfish, however, is causing extensive damage by predation on coral reefs. The mouth of an asteroid is located on its underside. Many asteroids feed by expelling their stomach and digesting their prey outside their body. Reproduction Asteroids may reproduce sexually or asexually. There are male and female sea stars, but they are indistinguishable from one another. These animals reproduce sexually by releasing sperm or eggs into the water, which, once fertilized, become free-swimming larvae that later settle to the ocean bottom. Asteroids reproduce asexually by regeneration. It is possible for a sea star to not only regenerate an arm but also nearly its entire body if at least a portion of the sea stars central disc remains.

Dystopic Literally Traditoin Essay Example

Dystopic Literally Traditoin Essay Example Dystopic Literally Traditoin Essay Dystopic Literally Traditoin Essay A dystopia is an often futuristic society that has degraded into a repressive and controlled state, often under the guise of being utopian. Dystopian literature has underlying cautionary tones. Dystopian settings are often distinguished by authoritarian or totalitarian forms of government, and feature different kinds of repressive social control systems. A lack or absence of individual freedoms and expressions are common within the genre, as is warfare and violence. BioShock is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games (at the time, named 2K Boston), and published by 2K Games.Bioshock fits the description of what one would typically expect from a dystopic body of work. In dystopian visions articulated at the beginning of the twenty-first century, one can observe a tendency to approach biotechnology as implicating the threat of post-humanity, and Bioshock uses the video game medium to explore these dystopic implications. One of the most prolific lines within the game is A Man Chooses, A Slave Obeys. This line is said by Andrew Ryan, the game’s antagonist. He was a business magnate from the 1940s and 1950s who sought to avoid scrutiny from governments and other oversight by constructing an underwater city.In doing so he would escape from moral boundaries and fundamental rights, and so the city of Rapture was born. However, when Ryan’s vision for a utopia in Rapture collapsed into dystopia, he hid himself away and used armies of mutilated drug-addicted humans to defend himself and fight those who chose to resist him. Similarly, a band by the name of Godspeed you! Black Emperor’ aimed to emulate a dystopic environment through their music. Godspeed You! Black Emperor is a Canadian post-rock band. Their track The Dead Flag Blues aims to encapsulate and provoke an emotional response from the listener.The song begins with an ominous introduction. Back by a chilling string melody, the speaker describes a derelict city in where a corrupt government brainwashes drugged civilians. The introduction is followed by the sounds of a train and high-volume suspended noise. This eventually develops into a Western-themed melody, and is capped off by an upbeat section which includes glockenspiel, violin, and slide guitar. The solemn beauty and decaying rhythm are designed to generate and emotional response from the listener. Akin to other pieces following the dystopian literary tradition Godspeed you!Black Emperor utilizes it’s medium to project a warning message, as is shown in the attached lyrics: The car is on fire, and theres no driver at the wheel, and the sewers are all muddied with a thousand lonely suicides, and a dark wind blows. Dystopic themes are being alluded to through the text. Godspeed you! Black Emperor refers to society is referred to as car; this car is being devoured by a symbolic fire representing greed. Without a driver behind the wheel, the fire cannot be extinguished- the flames shall surely consume the vehicle, and the car shall surely crash and kill all those around it.Similarity, a modern sewer is designed to pump filth away from an area. However, the startling lack of generosity caused by the thousand lonely suicides has blocked the sewers; it is implied that there is now no way to escape the film of modern life. The dark wind’ implies a complete disintegration of integrity; it is an omen for a bleak future. The government is corrupt, and were on so many drugs with the radio on and the curtains drawn. The government’s lack of integrity and interests are presented to the listener.Everyone is on drugs which have been sold to them for obscene profit by corporations because of government manipulation. The people close their windows, though which they might get a clear view of the world, and allow the radio to distract them from society’s imminent downfall. A corrupt government is common sight within traditional dystopian texts; Godspeed you! Black Emperor has used this to their advantage. Were trapped in the belly of this horrible machine and the machine is bleeding to death. The sun has fallen down and the billboards are all leering, and the flags are all dead at the top of their poles.It went like this: The buildings tumbled in on themselves; mothers clutching babies picked through the rubble and pulled out their hair. The skyline was beautiful on fire, all twisted metal stretching upwards- everything washed in a thin orange haze. I said, Kiss me, youre beautiful- these are truly the last days. You grabbed my hand and we fell into it, like a daydream or a fever. We woke up one morning and fell a little further down for sure its the valley of death. I open up my wallet and its full of blood.

Introduction to 'Rent-seeking behavior Assignment

Introduction to 'Rent-seeking behavior - Assignment Example The elderly, for instance, look for higher social security payments. Unluckily, where rights over property are weakened as well as where someone’s ownership of goods or wealth becomes debatable, other individuals could acquire more through attempts to appropriate such wealth than through manufacturing themselves. Such behavior is known as rent seeking (Forbes, 2013). There is no good reason as to why economists use this term â€Å"rent†. It means payments to a production factor in excess of the amount needed to keep the factor within its current use. The word is used to illustrate government lobbying by individuals in order to achieve special privileges. It can be called privilege seeking (Dutton, 2014). Other examples of rent seeking include: the limitation of access to profitable occupations as in modern certifications as well as licensures. Taxi licensing happens to be referenced as a rent seeking instance. Licenses issuing limits the overall tax services supply (instead of making sure of equality or competence) threatening rivalry in livery vehicles, illegal taxes or unregulated taxes causes the taxi service transactions a compulsory transfer of a fraction of the payment from consumers to operators of taxi business. The rent seeking concept may as well apply to bureaucrats’ corruption in their splitting as well as extracting rent/bribe for their application of legal, however, optional for awarding the illegitimate or legitimate benefits to their clients. Tax officials may happen to receive bribes for having reduced tax payers’ tax burden for instance (Dutton, 2014). It has been well known that individuals lobby the government for some privileges. The insight of Tullock was that privilege lobbying expenditures are high and they dissipate gains to the recipients and lead to inefficiency. For instance, a firm that deals with steel

The Circulation of Blood in the Human Body Essay

The Circulation of Blood in the Human Body - Essay Example Each side of the heart has its designated functions in the circulation of blood. The right side pumps blood that is deficient in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide (deoxygenated blood). The blood is pumped to the lungs where oxygenation takes place. The process involves the loss of carbon dioxide to the air through the breathing process and absorption of oxygen (Storad, 2005). The oxygen is transported by the red cells in the blood, also called erythrocytes. The left side of the muscular organ pumps oxygenated blood flowing from the lungs to the other parts of the body. The technical role of the heart in the circulation of the blood is as illustrated in the video in figure 2. As can be noted from the video, the blood from the left side of the heart does not mix with that on the right side. If this happened, oxygenated blood would be deoxygenated by the high levels of carbon dioxide in the right side of the heart. The blood deficient in oxygen is circulated from the other parts of the body where respiration has taken place to the heart through the venacava (Rogers, 2011). The venacava is divided into two parts with the superior vein returning blood from the hands and the head to the heart while the inferior vein carries blood to the heart from the other parts of the body. The oxygen deficient blood flows into the right atrium because the pressure of the atrium is low based on the contraction action of the heart.